Commonly used dictionary in ancient Chinese (5th edition)
The "Dictionary of Common Characters in Ancient Chinese" was compiled by more than ten experts and scholars including famous linguists Wang Li, Cen Qixiang, Lin Tao, Dai Li, Tang Zuofan, and Jiang Shaoyu. It is a necessary reference book for learning ancient Chinese.Since its publication in 1979, this dictionary has been very popular among readers.The 5th edition continues the characteristics of the 4th edition: experts and scholars preside over and participate in the revision; authoritative interpretation, accurate sound review, precise example sentences, difficult-to-understand example sentences are accompanied by notes and lectures; special settings are set up“Notice”“Distinguishing”Content, prompts and analyzes difficult words; the appendix is practical, "Table of Chinese Era", "Introduction to Ancient Chinese Grammar", "How to Learn Ancient Chinese", etc., for readers to learn and refer to.This revision has done a lot of work in the addition of commonly used meanings, the improvement of interpretation, the review of pronunciations, the update of example sentences and the completeness of the format. It can be said that it strives for excellence on the basis of the 4th edition and the quality has been improved to a higher level.
Main revisions:
(1) Add the meaning of the character.like“Small”Character in meaning①“Small.and‘big’relatively”Added below“Also villain, despicable”Meaning (The Book of Songs·Breeze·Baizhou》:“Worry is quiet, and annoyed in the crowd.”).Also like“fortunate”Character in meaning ④“The monarch goes somewhere”Added below“The monarch favors women”Yixiang ("Records of the Grand Historian"·Xiang Yu's Chronicle:“Now I have no money and property to enter the pass, and no women have nothing to do.”).Like“Dusk”When using characters, the original meaning“A dim look”Based on the“A faint look”(Tao Qian's poem "Returning to the Countryside":“~~The distant village is filled with smoke from the ruins.”)and“A warm look”(Wang Wei's poem "Present to Pei Shidi":“~~The sun is warm and the Tian family comes to deliver a speech.”) Two meanings.
(2) Improve the interpretation.like“Wow”Meaning of the word ②“The Voice of Miman”, the 5th edition is changed to“Evil music”, more easy to understand.Also like“Xi”Meaning of the word ②“Unknown”, the 5th edition is changed to“The sky is light”, the meaning is more accurate.Like“carry”Meaning of the word ②“Separate”, the 5th edition is changed to“Separation, separation”, the explanation is more accurate.
(3) Adjust the pronunciation of the characters.like“ridge2”Meaning of the word ① [Lingyan (hōng)]“The mountains look deep”, 5th edition“Rush”Change the pronunciation to“yíNɡ”, this is because:“Rush”There are two readings of "Jiyun":“The mountains are deep.Hu Hongche.”“The mountains are deep.Or from the camp.Mysterious and slit.”"Wang Li Ancient Chinese Dictionary" takes the previous pronunciation, which is also possible; but here“Ridge”If it is a character with mixed rhymes, the next sound should be taken.
(IV) Update example sentences.like“未分”Meaning of characters①“same‘ball’.Beautiful jade”The example sentence is“Mandarin·Jin Yu 4":‘The widow is hidden~.’”Change to“Liu Kun's poem "Redeemed to Lu Chen":‘There is a hanging jade in the palm of your hand, originally from Jingshan~.’”, the modified example sentences can better help readers explain the meaning.Also like“Suit”Meaning of the word ⑤“Pass‘Praise’.Sing, praise”The example sentence is“Han Feizi·"The Lord":‘Back to the left and right.’”, changed to“Book of Han·Biography of Wang Mang:‘Deep ~ reckless merit.’”, in this example sentence“Praise”Being a predicate is its main grammatical function as a verb, which is more typical than the original example sentence.Like“not”Meaning of the character②“no, no”The example sentence is“Han Feizi·"Explanatory Learning":‘Confucian hero ~ military labor.’”Change to“"tube·Depart the land":‘In the ditches of the mountain, there is water or water, which is called valley water.’The original example sentence is difficult to understand without knowing the context, but the modified example sentence“No water”and“have water”The meaning is very clear.
(V) Modify the citation style.For example, "Records of the Grand Historian" is marked according to the title of the original book, and the full name of the biography and the similar biography is used without distinction (for example, "Records of the Grand Historian")·The Biography of Ximen Bao" was changed to "Records of the Grand Historian"·如歌》).For example, the authors of "Theory of Salt and Iron", "Theory of Qianfu", "New Words of the World", and "The Family Instructions of Yan".Give another example,“号”Meaning of characters② and“She”The written evidence of the meaning of the word ② is "Laozi":“I'm about to ~ I'll definitely keep it open”, 4th edition in“号”Note under the word“Heshang Public”, 5th edition in“She”Added under the characters“Wang Biben”, so that readers will know very well that the difference between these two words is the difference between versions.
(VI) According to the "General Standard Chinese Character Table", comprehensive adjustments have been made to the use of characters in the beginning and text, and no analogy has been made to simplify the characters outside the table.
Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th Edition)
"Modern Chinese Dictionary"1978Since its official publication, it has been revised many times to adapt to the development of society, better reflect the new look of modern Chinese vocabulary, reflect new achievements in relevant discipline research, and implement new national standards on language and writing.
The main content of this revision is: Fully implement2013Year6The "General Standard Chinese Character Table" released by the State Council month; new words that have emerged in recent years400Multiple items, add new meanings100, delete a small number of old and explicit words; according to the opinions of readers and experts700The definitions and examples of multiple words have been revised.
Oxford High -level English -Chinese Double Solution Dictionary (9th Edition)
"Oxford High -level English Dictionary" has been released for seventy years to this day. It is recognized as an authoritative English learning dictionary in the world and benefits generations of students from all over the world."Oxford High -level British and Chinese Dictionary Dictionary" has been introduced and published for thirty years. From the original editor Honebi to give a language learning function to the dictionary, to the ninth edition editor integrates the session and writing functions into the learning dictionary. How can this dictionary be better?Flight has never stopped exploration and innovation aspects to meet the needs of readers.
"Oxford High -level English -Chinese Double Dictionary" ninth edition:
- IncludeMore than 185,000 words, phrases, and interpretations;
- Tag Oxford3000 core words and academic vocabulary;
- The interpretation is concise, the meaning of the meaning is clear;
- Provide system grammar information, such as matching mode, usage explanation box, etc.;
- Provide illustrations and theme pictures, intuitive interpretation.
- Compared with the eighth edition, increased revenueMore than 700 new words and new meanings, more than 6,000 revisions;
- The content of the new scenario expression, Lenovo word, etc. explain the content;
- Give a new Oxford speaking guide, explain the daily life and other scenes such as daily life;
- Provided on the matching CDiWriter and iSpeaker interactive writing and speaking-guided learning programs;
- At the end of the book, the detailed usage of this dictionary is added to provide a clear guidance for readers to use the dictionary.
While consolidating the learning function, this version pays more attention to the practical skills of language, providing comprehensive help for readers to learn vivid vocabulary, accurately understand the meaning of words, respond to examinations and actual communication.